Originally published in Amanda’s column in The National – Halloween celebrations mean that skeletons are hanging everywhere but how often do you think about yours?
Did you know you can only improve bone density until around 30 but from that point onwards, it is about minimizing risk rather than building bone.
It is not a sexy subject. At the age of 30 there are other things to worry about – mortgages, fertility, children – or the perpetual struggle to lose weight – which ironically is one of the risk factors towards the development of osteoporosis.
My dear old Gran who recently passed away at the grand age of 95 frequently said that all she needed to regain her get up and go was a new skeleton.
But opinions on how to treat osteoporosis or osteopenia are, dare I say it, fractured.
In the US alone, since 2003 annual sales of osteoporosis drugs have about doubled to $8.3 billion, according to Kalorama Information, a provider of market research on medicine. It’s a big problem, and with an ageing population, getting bigger by the year.
Many people know that calcium is vital for bones and consume milk no doubt partially in the belief to get their daily quote yet it is those countries where populations consume the least dairy where there is the least incidence of osteoporosis.
A National Institutes of Health study at the University of California, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, found that “women who ate most of their protein from animal sources had three times the rate of bone loss and 3.7 times the rate of hip fractures as women who ate most of their protein from vegetable sources.” The study’s conclusion: “An increase in vegetable protein intake and a decrease in animal protein intake may decrease bone loss and the risk of hip fracture.”
After reviewing studies on the link between protein intake and urinary calcium loss, dairy industry researcher Dr. Robert P. Heaney found that as consumption of protein increases, so does the amount of calcium lost in the urine: “This effect has been documented in several different study designs for more than 70 years,” he writes, adding, “The net effect is such that, if protein intake is doubled without changing intake of other nutrients, urinary calcium content increases by about 50 percent.”
Excessive protein would mean more than two servings of meat a day and this can make the bloodstream more acidic, which in turn causes the body to release calcium from yours bones to reduce acidity. So, although milk and cheese are high in calcium, they often accompany excess stimulants such as coffee, alcohol or tea and lack of bone building minerals such as magnesium, boron, zinc and silica.
Another study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) looked at all aspects of diet and bone health and found that high consumption of fruits and vegetables positively affected bone health and that dairy consumption did not. Such findings do not surprise nutritional researchers: The calcium absorption rate from milk is approximately 30 percent, while figures for broccoli, Brussels sprouts, mustard greens, turnip greens, kale, and some other green leafy vegetables range from 40 percent to 64 percent.
As well as too much (animal) protein and too low an intake of fruits and vegetables, other factors that can adversely affect calcium balance include blood sugar problems (most often experienced as intense cravings for sugar or refined carbohydrates).
All of the research supports what nutritionists and public health officials have preached for some time, namely the importance of a balanced diet with a high proportion of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, and a lower proportion of meat and dairy.
And the last skeleton-preserving factor? Exercise, or more specifically weight training and conditioning. Experts in Integrated Medicine such as Dirgot Rakel, MD, at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital support what your personal trainer or high school gym teacher said all along: Exercise is essential but not all work outs are created equal when it comes to building bone mass. Weight bearing, non attritional, exercise such as working out with weights, jumping/squats and running can stimulate bone growth, especially as we get older.
Perversely, as well as diet, weight training and conditioning – properly overseen by a coach or personal trainer – is especially important as we get older for keeping bone density from degrading, and quite literally, keeping the skeleton together.
So, this Halloween take inspiration for a better old age from those skeletons; there are no tricks but lots of treats to be had from better diet and specific weight training conditioning for your old age.
About Amanda Hamilton
“Amanda Hamilton is one of Europe’s leading nutritionists and detox specialists, having written two best-selling books and devised and presented the highly popular “Spa of Embarrassing Illnesses” TV series among other TV credits. Her company also runs detox, weight loss, boot camp and health retreats at stunning spa destinations in the UK and abroad, and her highly popular LifeChanging Weight Loss Programme. See more at www.amandahamilton.co.uk and www.amandahamiltonweightloss.com